WEBVTT

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- How about we start with
a question from somebody

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in the room?

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- Sounds good.

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- You okay with that?

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- We're ready.

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- Hey, Rippon Middle
School is sending their

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first representative up. Come on,

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let's see what you have.

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- So how are caves and
cave systems formed?

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- Way to start us off. How are caves and

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cave systems formed?

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- That's a great question,
that's such a great

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question to start us off with.
And as Amtrak said earlier,

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when we first started the
program, he gave us a hint, right?

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He said his water moves
through the rock. So

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for caves like this, caves
like the one that we're

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standing in right now,
here at Luray Caverns,

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and caves in areas of the
US and around the world

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that are made from
limestone, water interacts

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with the rock to dissolve
away that rock and carry

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it away and create these
cavernous rooms that

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we're standing in right
here. But, there are

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other types of caves as well.

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- Yeah so we're here in
a solutional cave, right?

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So Luray Caverns is a type
of cave that it's called

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solutional cave. But
we have volcanic caves

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and then we have talus
caves that are formed by

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rocks piling on top of
each other, or sea caves

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that form on shore
lands, and glacial caves,

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those are important as well
so. Different types of caves.

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- Three different answers,
you okay with that?

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- Yeah.

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- Sweet, thank you.

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- Thank you.

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- Anybody else from Rippon Middle School,

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you wanna... Come on.

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- My question is, is

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do, do sudden events
cause the caves to form

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or are they developed over many years?

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- Good question, you think
an earthquake opened this up,

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that what we're asking,
something like that? Let's see.

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- Also a really good question,
Amtrak gave us a hint

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to this as well, he said
over 400 million years ago,

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this cave started to
form. So many caves take a

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very long time to form.
They start out as something

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very small and then, over
lots and lots of years,

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form these huge spaces.
But as Nima mentioned,

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there are lots of different types of caves

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and some take less time.

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- Yeah, especially if
they have, let's say,

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wave action. If you're
on the coast and you have

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the sea waves, and then you
also have mechanical actions.

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So some caves form faster,
but not fast enough for

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us to actually notice.
Yknow, it will take a long

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time for us to see a
big chamber like this,

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millions of years. And that's
why we have to preserve

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and conserve them, they're
very valuable to us

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and they took many many years to form.

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- Thank you.

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- Thank you Amina and
Martin for those questions,

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really appreciate you all.